With respect to the origin of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), Darwin suggested that several canid species provided ancient founder populations for this phenotypically diverse. View full-textĬharles Darwin devoted the first chapter of his book On the Origin of Species (1859) to the principles and products of artificial selection and concluded that this process is analogous to natural selection in the wild. ![]() However, since Wallace believed in atheistic spiritualism and mixed up scientific facts and supernatural speculations in some of his writings, he remains a controversial figure in the history of biology. Moreover, he envisioned what was later called the anthropocene (i.e., the age of human environmental destructiveness). Wallace also became the (co)-founder of biogeography, biodiversity research, astrobiology and evolutionary anthropology. In his monograph Darwinism (1889), and in subsequent publications, Wallace extended the contents of Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) into the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution, with reference to the work of August Weismann (1834-1914). Evolution is brought about by a struggle for existence via natural selection, which results in the adaptation of those individuals in variable populations who survive and reproduce (Ternate essay, 1858). ![]() pre-existing varieties (Sarawak Law paper, 1855). Based on this experience, and after reading the corresponding scientific literature, Wallace postulated that species were not created, but are modified descendants of. The British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), who had to leave school aged 14 and never attended university, did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin (1848-1852) and then in Southeast Asia (1854-1862). Most important pioneers of evolutionary biology, whose original contributions are underestimated by most contemporary scientists. I conclude that natural selection’s lesser known co-discoverer should be regarded as one of the Wallace, who died 90 years ago, are more significant Species definitions of both authors are described and the further development of the concept of natural selection in wild Of both publications reveals six striking differences in emphasis: Darwin and Wallace did not propose identical ideas. ![]() In the present report the most important sections of the Darwin-Wallace papers are summarized. Of these naturalists and acknowledged both authors as the proponents of a novel hypothesis on the driving force of organismicĮvolution. In 1858, the Linnean Society of London published two contributions The classical theory of descent with modification by means of natural selection had no mother, but did have two English fathers,Ĭharles Darwin (1809–1882) and Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913). ![]() Since Wallace became an adherent of spiritualism and mixed up supernatural phenomena with scientific facts in some of his later books, he remains a controversial figure in the history of the life sciences. His contributions to systematics (he discovered/described many new species), evolutionary biology, zoogeography, anthropology and other branches of the live sciences are summarized in his 22 books and ca. After extensive expeditions (Amazon, 1848–1852 Southeast Asia, 1854–1862), Wallace spent the rest of his life in England as a free-lance science writer. He became a land surveyor and studied, in his spare time, the works of the most famous naturalists of his age. Wallace left school aged 14 and never attended University. The British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), well known as co-discoverer of the “Darwinian” principle of natural selection, came from an ordinary background. Todesjahr wird er unter anderem als (Mit)-Begründer des Selektionsprinzips, der Neo-Darwin'schen Theorie, Biogeografie, Astrobiologie, evolutionären Anthropologie, Biodiversitätsforschung und Vordenker der Naturschutz-, Freidenker- und Humanistenbewegung gewürdigt, obwohl er als atheistischer Spiritist irrationale Thesen vertrat, die seinem Ansehen bis heute geschadet haben. Nach jahrelangen Forschungsreisen war der Freiberufler Wallace, der 22 Bücher und über 700 Publikationen verfasst hat, jedoch auf manchen Gebieten origineller als Darwin. Wallace (1823–1913) galt zeitlebens als Außenseiter der Biologie und steht noch heute im Schatten von Charles Darwin.
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